Share

Urban Bikes

The Birth of a Brompton: What goes on in the London Brand’s New Factory

With a home now four times bigger than their last and Brompton Electric on the way - there's a lot happening

Brompton folding bicycles has a new home. At 84,000 square foot, the new Greenford factory is four times the size of the previous premises at Kew Bridge.

This development for Brompton is a bit like moving out of a maisonette and into a four bedroom home. The company could have gone half way and settled for a two bedroom flat, but this new premises gives them room to triple their production and with Brompton Electric bikes due imminently they intend to do just that.

The Benefits of a Brompton 

Brompton Bikes: Buyers Guide Review & Tips

The upheaval set the company back two-million-of-your-English-pounds, and they’re the first to admit that moving away from London may have been cheaper in the short term. However, with roots going back to 1975 when Andrew Ritchie designed the first bikes in his flat opposite the Brompton Oratory and 44 in house brazers who have been through an 18 month training course, a move away from the city could cost them both the heritage and the expertise that sets the company apart.

Looking around the factory is a treat. Taking the tour on a sunny Wednesday morning, my tour guide is Brompton PR executive Nick Charlier and we start at the heart of Brompton: brazing.

The factory is still in development – there’s in house paining the electric bike areas to come

Brazing is another thing that makes Brompton different compared to the majority of other manufacturers these days. It’s the process of joining metal tubes together using a filler metal – in Brompton’s case brass is melted to fuse together steel components. The brass has a lower melting point, which means that the steel is subjected to less stress and distortion than it would be in the case of a more commonly used weld, when the tubes themselves are melted to form a join.

Charlier tells me: “We use brazing because it’s basically the strongest way of building a bike, the process we use is one of the reasons our bikes last so long. We could move to the Midlands or Wales, where it’s much cheaper – but it takes 18 months to train a brazer.”

It’s refreshing to see a company place so much value in its employees – from the initials every brazer leaves on each part they work on to the chart which shows each brazer’s style at the end of the bay. Charlier tells me: “When you’re a kid you get taught handwriting, but everyone has their own style. It’s the same with brazing. Everyone has their own technique.”

Brazed rear triangle ready to go to the 'rumbler' machine
Brazing the metal makes it stronger than it would be if it was welded
Each brazed frame component is initialled by the worker who created it

Whilst wondering around the busy working bays, I spot just one female – Rebecca. At 24, she’s Brompton’s first ever female to take up the post. Having started off making small parts to go onto the bikes such as bells as components, she applied for a training spot and was thrilled to receive a contract.

“It’s very creative and artistic and you feel like you’ve created a one of a kind piece each time.” – Rebecca, Brompton’s first female brazer

Rebecca told me: “I really wanted to challenge myself and learn something different so I applied for one of the places. Brazing takes hard work and determination. You have to have really good sense of concentration because the job is very detailed and accurate. You can’t go over it again once you’ve done it. But I like it. It’s very creative and artistic and you feel like you’ve created a one of a kind piece each time.”

10 of the Coolest Jobs in Cycling and the Women Doing Them

Unsung Heroes: Caren Hartley on Building Custom Frames for Women

Considering why more women haven’t taken up the job before, she tells me: “It looks quite daunting for most women, all the other people you work with are male and it looks quite hard to do. Maybe some women haven’t invested time into finding out more. I know there are other welders around the world that are women. There are not many of us but we do a good job at what we’re doing.”

Rebecca, 24, is Brompton's first female brazer

Whilst the bulk of the brazing is completed by hand, the factory contains a fair few machines. Charlier shows me one such giant and explains: “All the main frame parts come in straight, they need to be bent. This machine has bent every bike frame since 1988. It’s done over 400,000 bike frames.”

They’ve also got a state of the art testing machine – which uses lasers to look for potential issues that could cause instability or failure. Despite the intricacies of a folding bike Brompton have had no major recalls – and Charlier puts much of that down to the machine, which is largely used by automotive companies: “We test one in 50 of the raw parts on this machine. The little red dot will go round and check the dimensions to make sure it’s built properly. If it’s slightly off, or not measured properly, it’s got serious implications down the line.We test one in 50 of brazed parts too, not to test the parts themselves but the brazing jigs. If one of the jigs [that the brazers use] was slightly off, we wouldn’t know until there had been a critical failure on that frame part.”

He adds: “We’ve never had any issues in terms of having to do a massive recall. As far as we know we’re the only bike manufacturer using one of these machines, they’re usually used by car manufacturers. The main reason we use it that a standard road bike has a little more room to flex, a carbon bike particularly. Because of all the folding parts we have to be extra careful. We don’t have that flex room to play with. A road bike you can flex around 0.3mm, we have about 0.01mm of flex – so basically none.”

The frame bender - going since 1988 (it's one year older than the author!)
Built by Brompton, this machine attaches hinges to frames
The 'rumbler' buffering up components

The only brazing done via a machine is the process of attaching the hinge to the frame – Charlier says: “The main frame is brazed to a hinge. We built a machine ourselves to do that. It needs to be super strong, which is why we do it this way instead of by hand. There are very few machines in the factory compared to most bike brands.”

Once the key frame components are brazed and ready to go, they go into ‘rumblers’ – these machines heat up to 1000 degrees and buff up the metal by battering it with silicone pellets mixed with citric acid. Charlier is keen to point out that the materials are all biodegradable too “so can just throw out after”. He shows me the squeakily clean finished metal and I can’t help but internally comment that almost everything Brompton do seems to be notably squeaky clean in a literal and moral sense.

Once the metal is shiny to the upmost standards, it gets carried off in a lorry to Wales to be painted. When I ask why Wales, I’m told “we’ve just always used them” – but the painting job is soon to happen in house when a currently unused section of the factory has been developed – to cut down on time, fuel and money.

Painted parts sit in bays ready for assembly – and any piece of tubing with the tiniest mark is quarantined to be assessed and recycled. Charlier shows me one such part. The blemish is tiny and aesthetic – but he explains: “Every frame part is checked by hand, it has to be absolutely perfect. Our products are relatively expensive, so they have to go out absolutely perfect.”

I’m eye-poppingly surprised to hear that a finished bike is made from a total of 1,200 parts. My question: “are you including little bolts and stuff in that?!” is answered positively but it’s still a pretty incredible part total. Not only that, Charlier tells me that 99 per cent of those products are designed either by Brompton alone, or solely for use by Brompton and in conjunction with them.

Each stage complete, the bike is checked, stamped with a serial number, and packed for delivery
Any part that is deemed imperfect is recycled
A DNA sheet follows the bike around as it's built
Brompton parts, painted like pick-n-mix - ready to be transformed into bikes

When the bikes finally reach the assembly line, each one is treated as an individual. Literally. Bikes are specced by the potential owner, down to handlebar shape, gearing, accessories and of course colour. Each bike has it’s own requirement sheet – a DNA sheet for the bike effectively – and when each piece of the puzzle is complete it’s scanned and sent to the next builder. It’s an intricate process, but from start to finish takes just 3.5 minutes, with an average of 150 bikes built a day.

Of course, all this expansion can’t be just for giggles. Brompton is going places. Currently they make 47,000 bikes a year, selling to 44 countries, 30 per cent in Europe and 55 per cent of UK bikes being bought in London. Their next big project? Electric folding bikes.

Charlier tells me: “They’re huge in Germany and elsewhere; the UK is a bit behind. Our bikes will use pedal assist – which means you still have to pedal for them to work. You might be a bit faster on the flat, and hills will feel like flat ground. We’ve made them to be city bikes – you will be able to plug the battery into your laptop to charge whilst you’re working, and charge your laptop whilst cycling. They’re going to be amazing.”

They do sound pretty cool – and we look forward to playing the ‘whose Brompton has an electric motor’ game at a London roadside cafe near you soon. 

Newsletter Terms & Conditions

Please enter your email so we can keep you updated with news, features and the latest offers. If you are not interested you can unsubscribe at any time. We will never sell your data and you'll only get messages from us and our partners whose products and services we think you'll enjoy.

Read our full Privacy Policy as well as Terms & Conditions.

production